( ! ) Notice: Deprecated call without request object. in /home/imjstb/domains/imjstb.com/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/handler/PKPHandler.php on line 387
Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0002491184{main}( ).../index.php:0
20.06598703504PKP\core\PKPApplication->execute( ).../index.php:21
30.06758990104PKP\core\Dispatcher->dispatch( $request = class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = NULL; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } ).../PKPApplication.php:395
40.155417112360PKP\core\PKPPageRouter->route( $request = class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = NULL; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } ).../Dispatcher.php:165
50.162517467592PKP\core\PKPRouter->_authorizeInitializeAndCallRequest( $serviceEndpoint = [0 => class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { protected $_apiToken = NULL; public $_id = 'gateway'; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; public $_checks = [...]; public $_roleAssignments = [...]; public $_authorizationDecisionManager = class PKP\security\authorization\AuthorizationDecisionManager { ... }; public $_enforceRestrictedSite = TRUE; public $_roleAssignmentsChecked = FALSE; public $_isBackendPage = FALSE; public $plugin = class APP\plugins\generic\webFeed\WebFeedGatewayPlugin { ... } }, 1 => 'plugin'], $request = class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = NULL; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' }, $args = [0 => 'WebFeedGatewayPlugin', 1 => 'rss2'], $validate = FALSE ).../PKPPageRouter.php:278
60.163717526344call_user_func:{/home/imjstb/domains/imjstb.com/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/core/PKPRouter.php:334}( $callback = [0 => class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { protected $_apiToken = NULL; public $_id = 'gateway'; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; public $_checks = [...]; public $_roleAssignments = [...]; public $_authorizationDecisionManager = class PKP\security\authorization\AuthorizationDecisionManager { ... }; public $_enforceRestrictedSite = TRUE; public $_roleAssignmentsChecked = FALSE; public $_isBackendPage = FALSE; public $plugin = class APP\plugins\generic\webFeed\WebFeedGatewayPlugin { ... } }, 1 => 'plugin'], $args = [0 => 'WebFeedGatewayPlugin', 1 => 'rss2'], class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = NULL; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } ).../PKPRouter.php:334
70.163717526544APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler->plugin( $args = [0 => 'WebFeedGatewayPlugin', 1 => 'rss2'], $request = class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = NULL; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } ).../PKPRouter.php:334
80.163717526544PKP\handler\PKPHandler->validate( $requiredContexts = ???, $request = ??? ).../GatewayHandler.php:213
90.163717526544trigger_error( $message = 'Deprecated call without request object.' ).../PKPHandler.php:387
( ! ) Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/imjstb/domains/imjstb.com/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/handler/PKPHandler.php:387) in /home/imjstb/domains/imjstb.com/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/template/PKPTemplateManager.php on line 1356
Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0002491184{main}( ).../index.php:0
20.06598703504PKP\core\PKPApplication->execute( ).../index.php:21
30.06758990104PKP\core\Dispatcher->dispatch( $request = class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = 'https://imjstb.com/index.php'; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = '/index.php/Journal/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2'; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } ).../PKPApplication.php:395
40.155417112360PKP\core\PKPPageRouter->route( $request = class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = 'https://imjstb.com/index.php'; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = '/index.php/Journal/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2'; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } ).../Dispatcher.php:165
50.162517467592PKP\core\PKPRouter->_authorizeInitializeAndCallRequest( $serviceEndpoint = [0 => class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { protected $_apiToken = NULL; public $_id = 'gateway'; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; public $_checks = [...]; public $_roleAssignments = [...]; public $_authorizationDecisionManager = class PKP\security\authorization\AuthorizationDecisionManager { ... }; public $_enforceRestrictedSite = TRUE; public $_roleAssignmentsChecked = FALSE; public $_isBackendPage = FALSE; public $plugin = class APP\plugins\generic\webFeed\WebFeedGatewayPlugin { ... } }, 1 => 'plugin'], $request = class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = 'https://imjstb.com/index.php'; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = '/index.php/Journal/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2'; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' }, $args = [0 => 'WebFeedGatewayPlugin', 1 => 'rss2'], $validate = FALSE ).../PKPPageRouter.php:278
60.163717526344call_user_func:{/home/imjstb/domains/imjstb.com/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/core/PKPRouter.php:334}( $callback = [0 => class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { protected $_apiToken = NULL; public $_id = 'gateway'; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; public $_checks = [...]; public $_roleAssignments = [...]; public $_authorizationDecisionManager = class PKP\security\authorization\AuthorizationDecisionManager { ... }; public $_enforceRestrictedSite = TRUE; public $_roleAssignmentsChecked = FALSE; public $_isBackendPage = FALSE; public $plugin = class APP\plugins\generic\webFeed\WebFeedGatewayPlugin { ... } }, 1 => 'plugin'], $args = [0 => 'WebFeedGatewayPlugin', 1 => 'rss2'], class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = 'https://imjstb.com/index.php'; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = '/index.php/Journal/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2'; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } ).../PKPRouter.php:334
70.163717526544APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler->plugin( $args = [0 => 'WebFeedGatewayPlugin', 1 => 'rss2'], $request = class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = 'https://imjstb.com/index.php'; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = '/index.php/Journal/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2'; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } ).../PKPRouter.php:334
80.163917539032APP\plugins\generic\webFeed\WebFeedGatewayPlugin->fetch( $args = [0 => 'rss2'], $request = class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = 'https://imjstb.com/index.php'; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = '/index.php/Journal/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2'; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } ).../GatewayHandler.php:215
90.177018806776PKP\template\PKPTemplateManager->display( $template = 'plugins-1-plugins-generic-webFeed-generic-webFeed:rss2.tpl', $cache_id = ???, $compile_id = ???, $parent = ??? ).../WebFeedGatewayPlugin.php:133
100.177518824528header( $header = 'content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8' ).../PKPTemplateManager.php:1356
( ! ) Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/imjstb/domains/imjstb.com/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/handler/PKPHandler.php:387) in /home/imjstb/domains/imjstb.com/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/template/PKPTemplateManager.php on line 1357
Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0002491184{main}( ).../index.php:0
20.06598703504PKP\core\PKPApplication->execute( ).../index.php:21
30.06758990104PKP\core\Dispatcher->dispatch( $request = class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = 'https://imjstb.com/index.php'; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = '/index.php/Journal/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2'; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } ).../PKPApplication.php:395
40.155417112360PKP\core\PKPPageRouter->route( $request = class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = 'https://imjstb.com/index.php'; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = '/index.php/Journal/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2'; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } ).../Dispatcher.php:165
50.162517467592PKP\core\PKPRouter->_authorizeInitializeAndCallRequest( $serviceEndpoint = [0 => class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { protected $_apiToken = NULL; public $_id = 'gateway'; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; public $_checks = [...]; public $_roleAssignments = [...]; public $_authorizationDecisionManager = class PKP\security\authorization\AuthorizationDecisionManager { ... }; public $_enforceRestrictedSite = TRUE; public $_roleAssignmentsChecked = FALSE; public $_isBackendPage = FALSE; public $plugin = class APP\plugins\generic\webFeed\WebFeedGatewayPlugin { ... } }, 1 => 'plugin'], $request = class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = 'https://imjstb.com/index.php'; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = '/index.php/Journal/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2'; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' }, $args = [0 => 'WebFeedGatewayPlugin', 1 => 'rss2'], $validate = FALSE ).../PKPPageRouter.php:278
60.163717526344call_user_func:{/home/imjstb/domains/imjstb.com/public_html/lib/pkp/classes/core/PKPRouter.php:334}( $callback = [0 => class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { protected $_apiToken = NULL; public $_id = 'gateway'; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; public $_checks = [...]; public $_roleAssignments = [...]; public $_authorizationDecisionManager = class PKP\security\authorization\AuthorizationDecisionManager { ... }; public $_enforceRestrictedSite = TRUE; public $_roleAssignmentsChecked = FALSE; public $_isBackendPage = FALSE; public $plugin = class APP\plugins\generic\webFeed\WebFeedGatewayPlugin { ... } }, 1 => 'plugin'], $args = [0 => 'WebFeedGatewayPlugin', 1 => 'rss2'], class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = 'https://imjstb.com/index.php'; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = '/index.php/Journal/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2'; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } ).../PKPRouter.php:334
70.163717526544APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler->plugin( $args = [0 => 'WebFeedGatewayPlugin', 1 => 'rss2'], $request = class APP\core\Request { public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { protected APP\core\Application $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; protected PKP\core\Dispatcher $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { ... }; protected ?string $_contextPath = 'Journal'; public ?PKP\context\Context $_context = class APP\journal\Journal { ... }; public ?PKP\handler\PKPHandler $_handler = class APP\pages\gateway\GatewayHandler { ... }; public $_indexUrl = 'https://imjstb.com/index.php'; public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'gateway'; public $_op = 'plugin'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL }; public $_dispatcher = class PKP\core\Dispatcher { public $_application = class APP\core\Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class APP\core\PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = []; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = '/index.php/Journal/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2'; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_serverHost = 'imjstb.com'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } ).../PKPRouter.php:334
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 International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Science, Technology & Business https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal <p>The <strong>International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Science, Technology &amp; Business</strong><strong> (IMJSTB)</strong> is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes high-quality original research papers, review articles, and short communications in the fields of science, technology, and business. The journal covers a wide range of topics, including but not limited to:</p> <ul> <li>Mathematics and statistics</li> <li>Computer science and information technology</li> <li>Physics and Chemistry</li> <li>Biology and life sciences</li> <li>Engineering and technology</li> <li>Business and management</li> <li>Economics and Finance</li> <li>Social sciences</li> </ul> en ManagingEditor@imjstb.com (Razia G. Rasool) editor.imjstb2023@gmail.com (Miss Razia G. Rasool) Sat, 22 Mar 2025 04:25:18 -0400 Open Journal Systems 3.3.9.9 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 The Evolution of Quantum Computing:Challenges and Future Prospects https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/88 <p><em>A paradigm change in computational technology, quantum computing uses the ideas of quantum physics to tackle unsolvable problems. This paper examines the quantum computing from theory to the present day. It presents the main barriers that prevent practical quantum computers from becoming a reality, being the undesirable effects of decoherence, error correction, making them scale. Finally, the paper also discusses future prospects for application in cryptography, optimization and artificial intelligence. This paper synthesizes existing research with the objective of transcribing the field and directing future work.</em></p> Prof. Alain H. Marie, Prof. Charlotte Marie Articles Copyright (c) 2025 International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Science, Technology & Business https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/88 Tue, 11 Mar 2025 00:00:00 -0400 AICDR: Automatic and Improved Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy using deep Learning https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/81 <p><em>Diabetic retinopathy detection is time-consuming and challenging because resources and knowledge are needed to establish whether the disease is present. It is one of the main causes of blindness and is brought on by alterations in the retina's blood vessels. Diabetic retinopathy primarily results from diabetes. A manual diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy includes expert</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>clinicians, resources, and specialized equipment. This process is costly and is not accessible</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>wherever</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>it</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>is</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>most</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>needed.</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>The goal of this research is to develop an automated, reliable, and cost-effective method for the high-accuracy identification of retinopathy. Physicians and patients can examine diabetic retinopathy more easily thanks to automated detection of the condition utilizing digital color retinal imaging. The</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>retina</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>extraction</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>function</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>can</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>help</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>determine</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>the</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>severity</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>of the disease.</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>This work uses multiple deep learning algorithms to automatically diagnose and categorize retinal pictures into five classes: severe non-proliferate DR, proliferation DR, mild DR, moderate DR, and no-DR. APTOS 2019 is a dataset used for deep convolutional neural network training. Accuracy was enhanced via transfer learning on deep convolutional neural networks that had previously been trained using ImageNet.</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>In our</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>study, the best deep learning models Resnet-18 and Resnet-50 achieved 88.2% and</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>92% accuracy on the validation range,</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>generating 96% and 97% sensitivity on 100 test</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>images</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>from</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>the</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>same</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>dataset,</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>respectively.</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>Results</em><em>&nbsp;are </em><em>described</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>with</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>the</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>error</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>rate,</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>precision,</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>sensitivity, and specificity using the confusion matrix, which describes errors explicitly in</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>model</em><em>&nbsp;</em><em>misclassification.</em></p> Maria Abbas Articles Copyright (c) 2024 International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Science, Technology & Business https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/81 Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0400 Improving Electric-Grid Frequency Stability: An In-depth Examination Windmills-partaking in-Frequency stability https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/78 <p><em>As wind energy gains prominence as a significant power source, the capacity of the (windmills) Doubly-fed Induction Generator (DFIG) to respond to load variations in the power grid is restricted by decoupled active power control, posing a noteworthy concern. This study delves into the windmill's (DFIG) capabilities in aiding frequency regulation (FR). We explore mathematical relationships between the rate of wind energy incorporation, windmills regulation capabilities, frequency modulation (FM), and wind energy efficiency. This paper introduces innovative control strategies that enhance the proactive role of adjustable windmills, endowed with augmented virtual inertia, in stabilizing grid frequency. Our research scrutinizes how wind energy influences grid frequency stability under changing conditions – from fluctuating wind velocities and steady operational states to sudden shifts in load demand. Utilizing data from Yunnan-Power-Grid, alongside MATLAB/Simulink and a windmill model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of windmills (DFIG) in maintaining grid frequency. Our analysis also incorporates windmill models designed for FR into a comprehensive two (02)-areas, four (04)-machines electricity-network grid design, pinpointing the optimal percentage of tunable windmills required for maintaining grid frequency equilibrium. The simulation findings underscore the importance of prioritizing windmills (DFIG) operating at standard velocities within windmill fields for effective frequency control.</em></p> Muhammad Usman, Shengxian Zhuang Articles DFIG; wind energy; frequency regulation (FR); frequency modulation (FM); windmill; Copyright (c) 2024 International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Science, Technology & Business https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/78 Thu, 15 Aug 2024 00:00:00 -0400 Evolution of China since it was a pure communistic regime, until today https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/77 <p><strong>Abstract:</strong> <em>In </em><em>this paper, we discuss the evolution of China from a purely communist regime with limited engagement with the global economy to its current status as a major player in global trade and investment. In addition, China's global involvement and the benefits it is reaping from both a peaceful East Asia and a world economy that is becoming more interconnected. Then, we discuss the challenges that face Chinese Business Today.</em></p> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p> <p><em>The result is, that China has advanced much in the integration of the global economy and internationalization of its businesses, but it also faces a complex array of challenges in the global operating environment</em></p> Petra Haddadin Oghlanian Articles Copyright (c) 2024 International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Science, Technology & Business https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/77 Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0400 The Uneven Pace of Digital Transformation across Economic Sectors: A Comparative Analysis https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/76 <h1 style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; line-height: 115%;"><strong><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; color: windowtext;">Abstract: </span></strong><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; color: windowtext;">This research, which delves into the varying rates of digital transformation across global economic sectors, is essential to the digital economy. It contrasts industries rapidly adopting cutting-edge innovations with those facing significant adoption barriers, revealing a stark dichotomy. By analyzing adoption patterns, driving factors, and obstacles across different sectors, this paper underscores the need for targeted policies to foster inclusive digital advancement. The findings highlight the importance of addressing sector-specific challenges to ensure equitable participation in the digital economy</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">.</span></em></h1> Gail McDaniel Articles Copyright (c) 2024 International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Science, Technology & Business https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/76 Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0400 Hierarchy of Steps in the 8-Step Process for Leading Change by John P. Kotter https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/74 <p><strong>ABSTRACT:</strong> <em>Professor John P. Kotter has developed the change management theory: The 8-Step Process for Leading Change (Kotter, 1995/1996). The theory is widely used. The 8 steps are shown from start (step 1) to finish (step 8). The importance of each step compared to the other steps, has not been properly investigated. This paper sheds new information on the internal hierarchy of the steps in the process. The main conclusion is that step 1 is the most important, followed by two clusters of other steps.</em></p> Dr. Eirik Oern Articles Copyright (c) 2024 International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Science, Technology & Business https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/74 Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0400 Developing Project Management Towards Institutionalized Excellence: Frameworks, Capabilities, and Quality Perspectives https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/72 <h2><em>This paper explores frameworks, methodologies, and capabilities underpinning professional project management discipline maturation. It outlines the Project Management Maturity Model (PMMM) strategic hierarchy guiding incremental competency improvements based on standardization, optimization, and continuous benchmarking. For implementation, the paper discusses strengthening procedural documentation, talent models, and capacity planning as crucial infrastructures enabling PM vision execution.</em></h2> <p><em>Additionally, perspectives on project quality management are presented, spanning definitional considerations, leadership emphasis, and comparisons of Deming, Juran, and Crosby's contributions. Complementary quality platforms like Total Quality Management and Six Sigma that enhance control and confidence are highlighted as indispensable in dynamic project settings.</em></p> <p><em>Procurement processes and contracting techniques that distribute accountability risks are also examined to stimulate partnership performance. Critical Chain buffered scheduling methodologies focused on enhancing predictability, and agility contrast traditional Critical Path approaches to showcase modern refinements. Multi-faceted maturity thus emerges through deliberate development along project planning, quality, people, and infrastructure dimensions.</em></p> Gail McDaniel Articles Copyright (c) 2024 International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Science, Technology & Business https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/72 Mon, 22 Apr 2024 00:00:00 -0400 Unlocking E-Commerce Potential: Exploring Pakistani Consumers' Resistance to E-Payment Adoption in Online Purchasing. https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/71 <p><em>Previous research suggests that despite Pakistan being the world's tenth-largest internet user population and having the fourth-largest IT export industry, there's significant resistance among Pakistani consumers towards internet payment methods. This reluctance stems from factors such as distrust in financial transaction systems, concerns about delayed transactions, risk of non-delivery, lack of confidence in using such systems, fraudulent activities, and privacy concerns. Failure to address these factors adequately could impede the development of e-commerce and e-transaction systems in Pakistan.</em></p> Uneeb Waseem Articles Copyright (c) 2024 International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Science, Technology & Business https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/71 Mon, 22 Apr 2024 00:00:00 -0400 MARKET RESEARCH AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, EXPLORING THE DEMAND ESTIMATION. https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/70 <p><em>In those days, market research and economic analysis work with various methods of Demand Estimation, by explaining what demand estimation is and how it involves in determining the quantity of a product or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at different prices, with some limitation on the data collection methods.</em></p> <p><em>Understanding how decision-makers are using Regression Analysis to determine the demand forecasting and the potential challenges that they are facing in using regression analysis for forecasting.</em></p> <p><em>Discussing the two concepts of demand forecasting, Returns to Scale and Cobb-Douglas, and how they relate to a firm's long-term production decisions. Also, understanding the Opportunity Cost and how it differs from economic profits by giving a practical example.</em></p> <p><em>Also, illustrating the distinction between fixed costs and sunk costs, the meanings and the types, is very helpful for better decision-making.</em></p> Petra Haddadin Oghlanian Articles Copyright (c) 2024 International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Science, Technology & Business https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/70 Mon, 22 Apr 2024 00:00:00 -0400 Optimizing Operations: Layout Strategies, Aesthetics, Process Technology, and Human Resource Alignment in Contemporary Management https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/69 <p><em>This paper provides a comprehensive overview of key aspects of operations management, focusing on layout, process technology, and human resources management.&nbsp; It supports different types of layouts used in business, such as process layouts, product layouts, and fixed position layouts.&nbsp; We thoroughly explore the pros and cons of each layout type and provide insight into its applicability and impact on operational efficiency.&nbsp; This study also investigated the relationship between surgical appearance and surgical performance.&nbsp; Real-world examples show how companies can use layout and aesthetics strategically to improve both operational efficiency and customer experience.&nbsp; This analysis highlights the relationship between physical location and overall operational management performance.&nbsp; We then discuss the importance of process technology in operations and highlight its role in determining a company's competitiveness.</em></p> Abeer M. Abou Hamad Articles Copyright (c) 2024 International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Science, Technology & Business https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/69 Mon, 22 Apr 2024 00:00:00 -0400 Impact of Project Managers on the Suc-cessful Completion of Projects: a Value Addition or Replication. https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/67 <h1 style="text-align: justify; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in .2in .0001pt .5in;"><em><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-weight: normal;">This study delves into the pivotal role of project managers in shaping the successful completion of projects. It explores whether their contributions represent value addition or replication within an organizational context. Drawing distinctions between project managers and functional managers, the research underscores their unique roles, focusing on temporary initiatives and cross-functional leadership for project managers and ongoing operations within specific business functions for functional managers. The contrasting career paths associated with these roles highlight the diverse experiences gained by project managers, positioning them for senior leadership and the specialized expertise developed by functional managers.</span></em></h1> Gail McDaniel Articles Copyright (c) 2024 International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Science, Technology & Business https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/67 Mon, 22 Apr 2024 00:00:00 -0400 Trade Unions and Economic Stability: A Case Study of USA Based Auto Industry https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/66 <p><em>This paper examines the relationship between trade unions and economic stability, focusing on the USA based auto industry as a case study. The study investigates the impact of trade unions on the economic stability of the auto industry, considering factors such as wages, working conditions, labor disputes, productivity, and overall industry performance. The research utilizes a mixed-method approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative analysis to assess the influence of trade unions on economic stability within the auto sector. Additionally, the paper explores the historical context of trade unionism in the USA, the evolution of labor relations in the auto industry, and the implications for economic stability. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics between trade unions and economic stability, offering insights that can inform policy-making and industrial relations practices.</em></p> Petra Haddadin Oghlanian, Ijaz A. Qureshi, Razia G. Rasool Articles Copyright (c) 2023 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/66 Tue, 30 Jan 2024 00:00:00 -0500 E-Learning's Influence on Financial Stability and Professional Advancement among University Graduates in Developing Nations https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/60 <p><em>The landscape of tertiary education in developing nations is undergoing a significant transformation in response to a surge in demand and the evolving aspirations of a burgeoning youth population. Traditional approaches to expanding physical infrastructure are proving insufficient, necessitating alternative solutions to accommodate the escalating numbers of students. E-learning has emerged as a pragmatic and scalable solution, offering affordability and accessibility to bridge systemic capacity gaps.</em></p> <p><em>The exponential growth in demand for tertiary education has led to an urgent need for over forty million additional university seats in countries like India and Nigeria by 2030. E-learning, facilitated by internet-enabled virtual classrooms, has become a pivotal force, reaching remote and marginalized communities. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated its adoption, emphasizing its potential to transform education. However, the abrupt transition to online programs has raised concerns about learning quality, assessments, and post-study employability.</em></p> <p><em>This comprehensive exploration delves into the multifaceted dimensions of e-learning expansion in developing nations, examining its impact on financial stability and professional trajectories.</em></p> <p><em>While e-learning widens access to tertiary education, ensuring quality assurance and equitable outcomes remains imperative. The journey involves overcoming challenges such as infrastructure barriers, pedagogical innovations, government policies, digital inclusion, and fostering global collaboration.</em></p> <p><em>Examining the financial stability of graduates reveals a nuanced landscape. Initiative-taking measures, including building reputable qualifications, honing soft skills, and continuous learning, contribute to equitable career advancement comparable to traditionally trained counterparts.</em></p> <p><em>Cultural perceptions, industry alignment, entrepreneurial opportunities, and global collaboration play significant roles in shaping the professional trajectories of e-learning graduates in developing nations.</em></p> <p><em>In conclusion, as nations invest in e-learning, ensuring quality, accessibility, and the holistic development of graduates is imperative. Continuous improvement and adaptability are crucial for realizing the full potential of e-learning as a catalyst for positive educational change in the developing world.</em></p> GailMcDaniel Articles Copyright (c) 2023 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/60 Tue, 30 Jan 2024 00:00:00 -0500 The Promise and Perils of Mobile Learning: Impacts on Students' Academic Experience and Work-Life Balance https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/59 <p><em>Mobile learning has become increasingly prevalent in educational settings, providing students with access to educational content through mobile devices. This paper aims to explore the impact of mobile learning on students' academic experience and work-life balance. The research will examine the benefits of mobile learning in enhancing students' academic performance, promoting flexible learning schedules, and fostering independent learning. Additionally, the paper will discuss the potential challenges and implications for students' work-life balance. The findings of this research will provide valuable insights into the role of mobile learning in shaping students' academic experiences and its impact on their overall well-being.</em></p> Gail McDaniel Articles Copyright (c) 2023 International Multidisciplinary Journal Of Science, Technology & Business https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/59 Tue, 30 Jan 2024 00:00:00 -0500 Intelligent Disease Prediction System for Hepatitis C Patients https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/58 <p><em>Accurate and timely predictions are essential for minimizing the devastating side effects of medical therapies, especially when dealing with serious illnesses like hepatitis C. In this research, a machine learning-based classification framework has been proposed to enable more reliable predictions of treatment responses in hepatitis C patients. The focus of this framework is to explore the potential of Machine Learning Techniques (MLT) in predicting, forecasting, and treating chronic diseases such as tumors, hepatitis, and heart diseases. In the proposed model, five ML algorithms - Naïve Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), Bayesian Nets (BNs), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) - are employed to predict the outcomes of hepatitis C patients undergoing treatment. The AI-enabled medical services model that has been developed is capable of delivering accurate predictions for hepatitis C with improved results in the future. Furthermore, the framework can be further enhanced by including additional ML techniques, such as deep learning or reinforcement learning, to achieve even more accurate results.</em></p> Salman Muneer, Shan Khan Articles Disease Prediction Machine Learning Hepatitis C Copyright (c) 2023 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/58 Tue, 30 Jan 2024 00:00:00 -0500 The Study on Guerrilla Marketing with Ad Creativity Affects Word of Mouth of Consumers. https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/57 <p>This study examines the impact of guerrilla marketing tools, supported by ad creativity, on consumer word-of-mouth. The objective is to explore the role of sensation marketing, characterized by one-time surprise effects, in generating word-of-mouth and leveraging creative advertising media. The study adopts a quantitative approach, employing a closed-ended questionnaire technique to collect data from 202 respondents. The questionnaire was filled out cross-sectionally by individuals regularly exposed to various forms of advertisements. Hypothesis tests were conducted using the Linear and Hierarchical Regression method in SPSS20.0. The findings confirm the influence of guerrilla sensation on word-of-mouth, with ad creativity mediating the relationship between guerrilla sensation and word-of-mouth. Additionally, the study demonstrates the impact of ad creativity on word-of-mouth. In conclusion, the study suggests that surprise and humor, combined with a clear message, emotionally engage consumers, leading to attention, resistance, and memorization of guerrilla marketing messages. This approach, facilitated by creative advertising media and incorporating novelty and relevance elements, enhances curiosity and promotes effective word-of-mouth, aiding companies in spreading their message. The study also highlights the potential positive or negative impact of word-of-mouth on a company's reputation. Considering ethical considerations in advertising presentation and the digital media revolution, the concept of sensation marketing can be adapted to digital marketing platforms.</p> Uneeb Waseem Qureshi Articles Guerrilla Marketing Advertisements Creativity Word of mouth Sensation Marketing Copyright (c) 2023 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/57 Sun, 04 Feb 2024 00:00:00 -0500 "Navigating the Nexus: The Intersection of Science, Technology, and Business in the 21st Century" https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/52 <p><em>In the dynamic landscape of the 21st century, the convergence of science, technology, and business has created a complex and transformative nexus. This paper explores the multifaceted relationship between these domains, shedding light on the symbiotic interactions that drive innovation, economic growth, and societal change. Through an interdisciplinary lens, we investigate the challenges and opportunities posed by this intersection, providing insights into how individuals, organizations, and societies can navigate this nexus effectively.</em></p> Dr. James A. Moshiri Articles Science Technology Business Innovation Interdisciplinary 21st Century Convergence Societal Impact Copyright (c) 2023 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/52 Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 -0400 "Emerging Paradigms: Exploring the Latest Trends in Science, Technology, and Business" https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/51 <p><em>This paper delves into the dynamic landscape of emerging paradigms in the fields of science, technology, and business. As the world rapidly evolves, new trends and innovations are shaping the way we understand and interact with our surroundings. Through a comprehensive analysis of key developments and their implications, this study aims to shed light on the transformative forces driving change in these domains. The exploration of emerging paradigms not only provides valuable insights into the present but also offers a glimpse into the future of human progress and enterprise.</em></p> Dr. James A. Moshiri Articles Emerging paradigms Science Technology Business Trends Innovation Transformation Future Progress Implications Copyright (c) 2023 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/51 Fri, 31 Mar 2023 00:00:00 -0400 "Exploring the Intersection of Science, Technology, and Business: Recent Developments" https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/50 <p><em>This paper delves into the dynamic nexus of science, technology, and business, examining the latest developments at their intersection. In an era marked by rapid technological advancement, this exploration sheds light on the symbiotic relationship between these domains and their profound implications for innovation, economic growth, and societal progress. Through an analysis of recent case studies and emerging trends, this study offers valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers navigating this intricate landscape.</em></p> Dennis W. Hallema Articles Science Technology Business Innovation Interdisciplinarity Entrepreneurship Digital Transformation Economic Growth Sustainability Society Copyright (c) 2023 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/50 Fri, 31 Mar 2023 00:00:00 -0400 "Breaking Barriers: The Latest Advancements in Science, Technology, and Business" https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/49 <p><em>This paper explores the groundbreaking advancements in science, technology, and business that have transformed industries and pushed the boundaries of human achievement. Through a comprehensive review of recent developments and innovations, this study sheds light on the ways in which these breakthroughs are reshaping the world. From artificial intelligence and biotechnology to sustainable business practices and space exploration, this paper delves into the frontiers of progress and examines the challenges and opportunities they present. The integration of science, technology, and business is at the heart of these advancements, offering insights into the future of innovation.</em></p> Dennis W. Hallema Articles Advancements Science Technology Business Breakthroughs Innovation Artificial Intelligence Biotechnology Sustainability Space Exploration Copyright (c) 2022 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/49 Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 -0400 "Breaking Boundaries: The Power of Interdisciplinary Research in Science, Technology, and Business" https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/48 <p><em>Interdisciplinary research has emerged as a transformative force in the realms of science, technology, and business. This paper explores the profound impact of interdisciplinary approaches in these domains, shedding light on the innovative solutions and breakthroughs that arise when traditional boundaries are transcended. Through a comprehensive analysis, we demonstrate how interdisciplinary research fosters synergy, encourages diverse perspectives, and drives progress.</em></p> Dennis W. Hallema Articles Interdisciplinary research Science Technology Business Innovation Synergy Collaboration Copyright (c) 2022 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/48 Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 -0500 "Converging Horizons: Exploring Science, Technology, and Business from Multidisciplinary Perspectives" https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/47 <p><em>This interdisciplinary research paper delves into the convergence of science, technology, and business, offering a comprehensive analysis from diverse viewpoints. The paper explores the intricate interplay between these fields and highlights the critical role they play in shaping our rapidly evolving world. Through a multidisciplinary lens, it seeks to uncover the synergies, challenges, and opportunities that emerge at the intersection of these domains.</em></p> Dr. James A. Moshiri Articles Convergence Science Technology Business Multidisciplinary Interplay Synergies Opportunities Copyright (c) 2022 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/47 Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 -0500 "Convergence: Business, Science, and Technology" https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/46 <p><em>This paper explores the dynamic interplay between business, science, and technology, emphasizing their convergent evolution in the modern world. It investigates how these domains mutually influence each other and shape the landscape of innovation, economic development, and societal progress. Through a multidisciplinary lens, we analyze key trends, challenges, and opportunities at the intersection of these fields, highlighting the importance of fostering collaboration and synergy to drive future advancements.</em></p> Robert L. Beschta Articles Convergence Business Science Technology Innovation Interdisciplinary Collaboration Synergy Economic Development Societal Progress Copyright (c) 2022 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/46 Thu, 30 Jun 2022 00:00:00 -0400 "Converging Forces: Exploring the Nexus of Technology, Business, and Science" https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/45 <p><em>This paper delves into the intricate interplay between technology, business, and science, examining how their convergence has shaped and continues to influence various aspects of our modern world. Through a multidisciplinary lens, we explore the synergistic relationships, challenges, and opportunities that arise when these forces intersect. This exploration sheds light on the transformative potential of this nexus and its implications for innovation, economic growth, and societal progress.</em></p> Dr. Alessandro Bianciardi Articles Convergence Technology Business Science Nexus Innovation Interdisciplinary Synergy Challenges Opportunities Copyright (c) 2022 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/45 Thu, 31 Mar 2022 00:00:00 -0400 "Exploring the Synergy: Science, Technology, and Business Innovations" https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/44 <p><em>This interdisciplinary research paper delves into the dynamic synergy between science, technology, and business innovations. In an era marked by rapid advancements and globalization, the interplay between these domains has become increasingly crucial for fostering growth, competitiveness, and sustainability. This paper explores the intricate connections, challenges, and opportunities that arise at the intersection of these three fields, shedding light on the transformative potential of their collaboration.</em></p> Robert L. Beschta Articles Synergy Science Technology Business Innovation Interdisciplinary Collaboration Competitiveness Copyright (c) 2021 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/44 Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 -0400 "Advancements at the Intersection: A Journal of Science, Technology, and Business" https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/43 <p><em>"Advancements at the Intersection: A Journal of Science, Technology, and Business" is a multidisciplinary publication that explores the dynamic confluence of science, technology, and business in our rapidly evolving world. This journal serves as a platform for scholars, researchers, and practitioners to exchange ideas, showcase innovations, and contribute to the holistic understanding of the intricate relationships between these fields. In this article, we provide an overview of the journal, its key focus areas, and the importance of studying the intersections of science, technology, and business in today's society.</em></p> Dennis W. Hallema Articles Multidisciplinary Science Technology Business Intersections Innovation Research Collaboration Impact Copyright (c) 2021 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/43 Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 -0400 "Global Perspectives on Science, Technology, and Business: An International Review" https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/42 <p><em>This comprehensive international review explores the intricate interplay between science, technology, and business on a global scale. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, understanding the dynamics and implications of this relationship is crucial for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners. Through a multidisciplinary lens, this review delves into key themes, challenges, and opportunities shaping the nexus of science, technology, and business, providing valuable insights for fostering innovation and sustainable development worldwide.</em></p> Dr. James A. Moshiri Articles Global Perspectives Science and Technology Business and Innovation Multidisciplinary Analysis Globalization Sustainable Development Policy Implications International Collaboration Copyright (c) 2021 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/42 Wed, 31 Mar 2021 00:00:00 -0400 "The Global Nexus: Bridging Science, Technology, and Business in the World Journal" https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/41 <p><em>This journal serves as a platform for the convergence of science, technology, and business, providing a comprehensive outlook on the interplay of these domains in the global landscape. In an era of rapid advancements, understanding their interconnectedness is vital for fostering innovation, sustainable development, and economic growth. This interdisciplinary journal explores the synergies, challenges, and opportunities at the global nexus of science, technology, and business, with a focus on promoting collaboration and knowledge exchange among researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.</em></p> Dennis W. Hallema Articles Science Technology Business Innovation Global Nexus Interdisciplinary Sustainable Development Collaboration Knowledge Exchange Copyright (c) 2021 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/41 Wed, 31 Mar 2021 00:00:00 -0400 "International Journal of Innovation in Science, Technology, and Business" https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/40 <p><em>The "International Journal of Innovation in Science, Technology, and Business" is a multidisciplinary platform dedicated to advancing research and knowledge dissemination in the fields of science, technology, and business innovation. This journal seeks to bridge the gap between academia and industry by promoting cutting-edge research and fostering collaboration among scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. In this paper, we provide an overview of the journal's scope, objectives, and contributions, highlighting its significance in the contemporary landscape of innovation and knowledge exchange.</em></p> Dr. Mohamed A. El-Ashry Articles Innovation Science Technology Business Multidisciplinary Knowledge Dissemination Collaboration Academia Industry Research Copyright (c) 202 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/40 Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 -0400 "The Nexus: Bridging Science, Technology, and Business" https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/39 <p><em>The Nexus: Bridging Science, Technology, and Business is a comprehensive exploration of the interconnectedness between these three critical domains. This interdisciplinary study delves into the symbiotic relationship that drives innovation, economic growth, and societal progress. The paper sheds light on how the convergence of science, technology, and business fosters a dynamic ecosystem, propelling us into the future.</em></p> Robert L. Beschta Articles Nexus Science Technology Business Interdisciplinary Innovation Economic Growth Societal Progress Copyright (c) 2021 https://imjstb.com/index.php/Journal/article/view/39 Wed, 31 Mar 2021 00:00:00 -0400